反抗孤独——论《心是孤独猎手》孤独主题.pdf

Against Loneliness:A Study onthe Loneliness in TheHeart is a Lonely Hunter A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master’s Degree of Arts By Qi yating Supervised by Associate Prof. Li Jing Specialty: English Language and Literature College of Foreign Language and culture Chongqing University, Chongqing, China October, 2013 Masters Degree Dissertation of Chongqing University 中文摘要 I 摘要卡森·麦卡勒斯的处女作《心是孤独的猎手》在美国现代文库所评出的20世纪百佳英文小说中位列第17位。当代美国批评家沃特·艾伦称她为仅次于福克纳的南方最出色的作家。近来中国对麦卡勒斯作品的大量译介,说明了麦卡勒斯和其以《心是孤独的猎手》为代表的作品具有极高的现实意义和研究价值。尽管国外评论界对麦卡勒斯已有较深入的研究,但国内对于麦卡勒斯及其作品的研究依然匮乏。国内研究者较多地集中于分析作品中的主题含义和“怪诞”的哥特式表现手法,较少关注作者和作品积极向上一面,更多看到是精神隔绝的悲观一面。因此本文拟结合作家和文本的分析,以克尔凯郭尔和弗洛姆对孤独的研究理论为基础, 探讨《心是孤独的猎手》中反映出的孤独主题。首先,本文通过对作者本身的生活经历和感情生活的梳理,力图寻找麦卡勒斯本人对孤独的理解以及她专注描写人类孤独的原因。其次,通过对《心是孤独的猎手》中五个人物的研究,结合克尔凯郭尔和弗洛姆对孤独的研究理论,试着寻找他们孤独的原因,以及他们在反抗孤独时表现出的积极一面。最后,分析作家在《心是孤独的猎手》中对社会边缘者人性闪光点的挖掘, 以及麦卡勒斯欲担当“哲学责任”,成为“解答生活之谜”的“道德分析作家”的积极努力及其显示出的人文关怀。揭示麦卡勒斯对孤独本质的感悟和反抗。关键词:卡森·麦卡勒斯,《心是孤独的猎手》,孤独主题,积极意义 Masters Degree Dissertation of Chongqing University Abstract II ABSTRACT Carson McCullers’ first published novel The Heart is a Lonely Hunterranks 17 on the list of the 100 best novels in the English language of the 20th century and she is also highly praised by famous contemporary American critic Walter Allen, who claimed that she is the best southern writer next toWilliam Faulkner. The emergence of a great number of translated works of McCullers in the Chinese language also proves the realistic and academic value of McCullers and her literaryworks represented byThe Heart is a Lonely Hunter. Although there are no lack of in depth research into McCullers and her works among the foreign critics, few Chinese critics have yet concerned themselves of this field. Most of the research works in China have placed their focus on its theme and its “grotesque” Gothic approach in writing, laying