chapter9languageandsociety语言和社会：社会语言学.pdf

40 Chapter9Language and Society ① Questions for discussion: 1. How are culture and language related to each other? 2. How do differentsocial factors, like age and gender, affect language use? 3. How do people talk differently in different situations? 4. What are the other varieties of language besides regional dialects? 5. Can you imagine two standard languages used in one nation? Definition(p160)★ Sociolinguistics is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between languageand society, between the uses of languageand the the social structures in which the users of languagelive. ?Metaphorically, language is regarded as a mirror of society, through which we can understand social activities of a certain society better. ?Functionally, society provides language with a suitable context of use, in which we can enjoy aspects fo language vividly and truthfully. Fundamental Concepts★?Speech community: a group of people who form a community (. a village, a region, a nation) and share the same lanugage or a particular variety of a language. ?Speech variety(language variety): any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker () or a group of speakers (dialect, sociolect). approaches/perspectives(p160)◆?Micro-sociolinguistics (sociolinguisticstudy of language