过去分词作后置定语(1).ppt

The Past Participle as the Attribute
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过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。
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1. 过去分词作定语的含义
a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义
a broken cup
a wounded soldier
a cup which is broken
a soldier who was wounded
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a grown woman
a retired officer
a woman who has grown
a officer who has retired
b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。
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B: Yes. And we had canned fish, smoked sausages,
cakes made by our teacher and
fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there.
B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to find his mother.
单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；
过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
单个过去分词
过去分词短语
2. 过去分词作定语位置
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已升起的太阳
有组织的旅行
a risen sun
an organized trip
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单个过去分词和形容词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词时,也要放在这些词后面。
nothing reported
something important
something else
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过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换。
① a letter written in pencil
② the book borrowed by Jack
= a letter which was written in pencil
= the book which was borrowed by Jack
3. 过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换
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4. 形容词性化过去分词作定语
常见的有：amazed, embarrassed, disappointed, excited, encouraged, bored, interested, tired, worried, surprised, satisfied, pleased, moved, frightened等。
The _____ children were opening their presents.
A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excites
excited
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过去分词与现在分词作定语
：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。
an inspiring speech
the inspired audience
鼓舞人心的演说
受到鼓舞的观众
the falling leaves
落叶（正往下落的）
落叶（已经落到地面的）
the fallen leaves
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