GATT AND WTO.ppt

LOGO GATT AND WTO 贸易关税及贸易总协定总协定 GATT GATT GATT ( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ) 关税及贸易总协定 GATT ( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ) 关税及贸易总协定?背景、宗旨、作用 Background Aim Role ?组织机构 Organization ?主要活动 Main activities ?局限性 Limitation kground Background In the thirty to forty years of twenties century, the w orld trade protectionism was in vogue. International trade mu tual restrictions are the world economic depression caused one of the important reasons. After world war ii, solve compl ex international economic problems, especially for intern ational trade policy, e the important task facing all the countries. In February 1946, The United Nations Ecosoc held its first conference at the United Nations calls for trade and e mployment problems meeting, the drafting of the kingdom . In October 1946, the mittee held its first c onference, review The United States 。The international trade o rganization to submit the draft charter. April 1947-July, the mittee Geneva 。Held t he second plenary tariff, negotiations, discuss and change th e "international anization draft charter . The pro tocol to the January 1, 1948 effect. 背景 20 世纪 30-40 年代,世界贸易保护主义盛行。国际贸易的相互限制是造成世界经济萧条的一个重要原因。二次大战结束后,解决复杂的国际经济问题,特别是制定国际贸易政策,成为战后各国所面临的重要任务。 1946 年2月,联合国经社理事会举行第一次会议,会议呼吁召开联合国贸易与就业问题会议,起草国际贸易组织宪章,进行世界性削减关税的谈判。随后,经社理事会设立了一个筹备委员会。 1946 年 10 月,筹备委员会召开第一次会议,审查美国提交的国际贸易组织宪章草案。 1947 年4月-7月,筹备委员会在日内瓦召开第二次全体大会,就关税问题进行谈判,讨论并修改“国际贸易组织宪章”草案。经过多次谈判,美国等 23 个国家于 1947 年 10 月 30 日在日内瓦签订了“关税及贸易总协定”。该议定书于 1948 年1月1日生效。 symbol 宗旨 Aim 宗旨缔约各国政府通过达成互惠互利协议,大幅度地削减关税和其他贸易障碍,取消国际贸易中的歧视待遇等措施,以对宗旨做出贡献。?? AIM make full use of the development and production modities, Effective demand . Improve living standards Guarantee full employment ensure the actual e ? role of GATT The role of GATT 1 GATT set processing trade relations between them of the principles and rules for each member standard . 2 GATT provide the contradictions and disp