Chapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics.ppt

英语语言学概论课程课件
课件名称:现代语言学理论与流派
制作者:外国语学院鞠玉梅
Chapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics
Purpose of teaching: To introduce the various schools of modern linguistics to students
Focal points of teaching: The Prague School, the London School, American Structuralism, Transformational-Generative Grammar
Introduction
Modern linguistics began from the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who is often described as the “father of modern linguistics”.
During the years between 1907 to 1911, Saussure lectured on general linguistics in the University of Geneva. After he died in 1913, two of his students collected lecture notes from students and put them together to produce the great work, Course in General Linguistics, in 1916. This book became the most important source of Saussure’s ideas and of his influence upon eeding generations of linguists. His work marked the beginning of modern linguistics.
The concept of arbitrariness
plexities of language: Human language is an plex and heterogeneous phenomenon.
Language---- a system of signs, the union of a form and an idea, the signifier and the signified, the relational nature of linguistic units
The distinction of LANGUE and PAROLE
The distinction of SYNCHRONIC and DIACHRONIC linguistics
The Prague School
The first meeting under the leadership of V. Mathesius(1882-1946)
It sees language in terms of function.
Three points:
First, the synchronic study of language is fully justified.
Second, there was an emphasis on the systemic character of language.
Third, language was looked on as functional in another sense, as a tool performing a number of essential functions or tasks for munity using it.
Phonology and phonological oppositions
The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between ics and phonology.
Trubetzkoy Principles of Phonology 1939
The concept of phoneme
Distinctive features: (1) their relation to the whole contrastive system; (2) relations between the