SLA--An Introductory Course (5).ppt

SLA --- AN Introductory Course  Prof. Wen Weiping College of Foreign Languages
Lecture 5 Theories in Second  Language acquisition
1. Nativist theories of SLA
2. Environmentalist theories of SLA
3. Interactionist theories of SLA
1. The nativist theories of SLA
innate biological endowment
--- the endowment is language specific
--- the endowment involves both linguistic
principles and general cognitive notions
 Chomsky’s Universal Grammar
Krashen’s Monitor Model
Krashen’s Monitor Model ( MT )
five hypotheses
1. The acquisition/learning hypothesis
1) acquisition -- subconscious
the process is subconscious
the knowledge itself is subconscious
2) learning -- conscious
it is developed
it is taught by formal instruction aided by
the practice of error correction
Learning Acquisition
1. focus on form 1. function
2. ess based on 2. ess based on getting
mastery of rules things done with language
3. forms are learned 3. forms are acquired out of
for later munication
application
4. lessons anized 4. lessons anized on
around grammatically the basis of students’ needs
based syllabus desires and interests
5. error corrections 5. errors -- natural part
2. The natural order hypothesis
1) one acquires grammatical structures in a
predictable order
2 ) this order can be altered by L1 influence
but not by the effects of instruction
ing
plural
corpula
auxiliaries
article
irregular past
regular past
3rd person sigular
possessive
3. The monitor hypothesis
monitor

input LAD output
three types of monitor users:
--- monitor over-users
--- monitor under-users
--- optimal monitor users
4. The affective filter hypothesis
monitor

input LAD output
Affective factors:
anxiety 
motivation 
self-confidence 
5. The input hypothesis
comprehensible input: i + 1
i + 1 = knowledge
know + little bit more
i + 1
i + 1
i + 1
prehensible input = noise
more = less