Raman Spectroscopy Of Carbon Nanotubes.pdf

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Physics Reports ( ) –
ate/physrep
Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes
a, b c d
. Dresselhaus ∗, G. Dresselhaus , R. Saito , A. Jorio
aDepartment of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering puter Science, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Room 13-3005, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
bFrancis Bitter Lab, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
cDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University, and CREST, JST, Sendai 98 0-8 578 , Japan
dDepto. de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas G erais, Belo Horizonte - MG 30123-970, Brazil
Accepted 21 October 2004
editor: . Mills
Abstract
The use of Raman spectroscopy to reveal the remarkable structure and the unusual electronic and phonon properties
of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is prehensively. The various types of Raman scattering
processes relevant to carbon nanotubes are reviewed, and the theoretical foundations for these topics are presented.
The mon experimental techniques used to probe carbon nanotubes are summarized, followed by a review of
the novel experimental findings for each of the features in the first order and second order Raman spectra for single
wall carbon nanotubes. These results are presented and discussed in connection with theoretical considerations.
Raman spectra for bundles of SWNTs, for SWNTs surrounded by mon wrapping agents, and for
isolated SWNTs at the single nanotube level are reviewed. Some of the current research challenges facing the field
are briefly summarized.
© 2004 Elsevier . All rights reserved.
PACS: 78.; ; . m; . j;

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Graphene; Raman scattering; Photoluminescence
∗ Corresponding author. Fax: +1 617 253 6827.
E-mail address: ******@ (. Dresselhaus).
0370-1573/$ - see front matter © 2004 Elsevier . All rights reserved.
doi:.
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Contents
1. Introducti