动词不定式的用法归纳.ppt

动词不定式的基本用法归纳
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不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
不定式
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1. 作主语
2. 作宾语
3. 作宾语补足语
4. 作定语
5. 作状语
6. 作表语
7. 作独立成分
8. 与疑问词等连用
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1 不定式作主语 (subject)
To see is to believe.
To keep smiling is healthy for you.
It’s important to learn English well.
若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
谓语动词用单数形式。
Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．
When and where to hold the party hasn’t been decided.
When to hold the party and where to hold the party _________been decided.
haven’t
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1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want, decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。
I mean to go there at once.
I hope to finish the work in time.
I plan to go to Beijing this summer.
2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。
I think it our duty to obey the laws.
I found it difficult to see him here.
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3) 不定式用在介词but, except, 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry.
(2).There is nothing to do but wait.
(3). I have no choice but to go.
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3．作表语
不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job.
To teach is to learn.
My job is to help the patient.
My ambition is to become a teacher.
The old man seems to be sick.
【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。
All I want to do now is fill my stomach.
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4．作宾语补足语
He asked me to go with him.
He didn’t allow me to go out alone.
【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词let, have， make 后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。
I saw him play in the park.
→He was seen to play in the park.
The boss made those men work day and night.
→Those men were made to work day and night.
I heard her sing today．
→ She was heard to sing today．
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1. something, anything,