二语习得第六章.ppt

The role of consciousness in L2 acquisition
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part two
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Overall: the role of consciousness in L2 acquisition
Two opposing positions.
Stephen Kashen
Richard Schmidt
Acquired L2 knowledge
(is developed subconsciously)
Learned L2 knowledge
(is developed consciously)
Intentionality
attention
awareness
Different kinds of knowledge
implicit knowledge
explicit knowledge
the extent
the part in the acquisition of implicit knowledge
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The distinction between the two systems
‘acquired‘ L2 knowledge (Acquisition)
‘learned‘ L2 knowledge (Learning)
.
It is developed subconsciously through comprehending input while communication.
It is developed consciously
through deliberate study of L2.
Stephen kashen
Stephen kashen: The distinction between the two systems
entirely independent
learned knowledge can
never be converted into
acquired knowledge
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Consciousness
intentionality attention awareness
Intentionality: whether a learner making a conscious and deliberate decision to learn L2 knowledge.
Incidental learning: takes place when learners pick up L2 knowledge through exposure.
conscious attention
Richard Schmidt :
standardize the concepts that underlie its use
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Noticing: the process of attending consciously
to linguistic feature in the input.
Shcmidt argues that learning cannot take place without what he calls noticing.
his own acquisition of Portuguese
What he produced were those that he had previously noticed
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awareness: whether learners are conscious of acquiring L2 elements.
Learners can achieve complex material through implicit learning.
( without awareness)
Learning only appears to be without awareness, but in fact learners are aware of what they are learning.
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The extent of learners’ explicit L2 knowledge
.
Explicit knowledge: the L2 knowledge of which a learner
is a