学术英语写作UnitAbstractPPT学习教案.pptx

会计学
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学术英语写作UnitAbstract
What is an abstract?
An abstract is a stand-alone statement that briefly conveys the essential information of a paper, article, document or book; presents the objective, methods, results, and conclusions of a research project; has a brief, non-repetitive style.
An abstract is a summary of a body of information. Sometimes, abstracts are in fact called summaries--sometimes, executive summaries or executive abstracts. There are different kinds of abstracts—your technical report uses two types: the descriptive abstract and the informative abstract.
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Types of abstracts
descriptive abstracts: mainly direct to the original document and simply identifies basic subject of article.
informative abstracts: give much information about the original, summarizing the principal arguments and giving the principal arguments and summarizing the principal data.
evaluative abstracts: comment on the worth of the original are included.
Difference between descriptive abstracts and informative abstracts
The first two types of abstracts are typically used :
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descriptive abstracts说明性摘要
A descriptive abstract—a summary of someone else’s paper or book—is often required by professors to give you practice in summarizing and responding to sources.
The descriptive abstract, also known as the limited abstract or the indicative abstract, provides a description of what the paper covers without delving into its substance. A descriptive abstract is similar a table of contents in paragraph form.
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Descriptive Abstracts
tell readers what information the report, article, or paper contains.
include the purpose, methods, and scope of the report, article, or paper.
do not provide results, conclusions, or recommendations.
are always very short, usually under 100 words.
introduce the subject to readers, who must then read the report, article, or paper to find out the author's results, conclusions, or recommendations.