Present perfect tense 第2页/共66页 We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb. 现在完成时的构成 have/has + done (过去分词) 第3页/共66页 现在完成时的用法 ,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。 We have bought a new computer. 含义是现在已经有电脑了。 He has given up drinking. 含义是他现在已经不喝酒了。 第4页/共66页 He has gone to Beijing. 她已经到北京去了。 含义是:她已前往北京,或在途中,或已到过.现在人不在这里。 He has been to Beijing. 她曾到过北京。 含义是:她去过北京。表示一种经历,说话时她还在这里。 have/has gone to have/has been to 第5页/共66页 (也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。这一用法通常都要与for…, since…等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。 She has lived here for more than ten years. 她已在此住了10多年了。 含义是她可能现在已不住在这里,也有可能再住下去。 She has studied English since 2004. 她从2004年起就开始学****英语。 for后接的是时间段 since后接时间点,而且后面 跟的是过去时间。 第6页/共66页 现在完成时不能和明确的时间状语(last week, just now, in 1949, yesterday等)连用,但可以和不明确的时间状语(如:already/yet, recently/lately, ever/never, just, twice/three times 等)连用;也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如:this morning, today, now, this week/month,so far 等)连用。 It has been cold this winter. 今年冬天一直很冷。(说话时还是冬天。) 第7页/共66页 在过去几年中,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。 There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years. There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years. [析] "In / During the past / last + 复数名词"是完成时态的标志之一。 [误] [正] 第8页/共66页 1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for several weeks. × × It came here a few weeks ago.It has been here for a few weeks. She joined the Party several weeks ago.She has been a Party member for several weeks. 一定要注意,像come, join, marry, leave, die, arrive, begin, stop等这样的瞬间动词,它们所表示的动作是在一刹那间或很短的一段时间内完成的;因此,瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 第9页/共66页 他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。 [析] 瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years. His father left his homeland fifty years ago. His father has left his homeland for fifty years. [×] 第10页/共66页