高中英语语法的一般总结讲义(精).doc

高中英语语法的一般总结讲义根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建议,他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基础,其实完形填空是对语法、词汇的综合考查,但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和理解,有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式,这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解,而且有助于学生做好英译汉,写好作文。因此,我们在此编写了有关重点语法的知识点,并将陆续登出,同时将刊登一些试题。希望同学们认真掌握,切不可因不靠它们而忽视了对英语基础知识的掌握。(一):表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面 must/mustn ’ t,;can/cann ’ t;need/needn ’ t;may/mayn ’ t;might/mightn ’ t;should/sh ouldn ’ t; ougtht 等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的 。 1) must have+ 过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“(昨天)一定……”。如: My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man Im et asked sympathetically: ” Are you feeling all right? ”[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had tobe (答案为 C) 2) can ’t/ couldn ’t have+ 过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“(昨天) 一定没……”。如: Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. [A] couldn ’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn ’t have received (答案为 A) 3) may / might have +过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许……”。如: At Florida Power ’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician. 。 1) needn ’t have +过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,相当于” didn ’t need todo”,译为“其实没必要……”。如: You needn ’t e over yourself. As it turned out tobea small house party, we so formally. [A] needn ’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn ’t have dressed up (没有必要穿的那么正式,体现是说话者的建议,实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定,答案为 D) 2) should have +过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为“本应该……” shou ldnot + have 过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了,译为“本不应该……”。如: I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead c arefully. 我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好,但实际上作者还是没有规划好,以至工作没有完成。 3) ought to have +过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为“该……”,与 should 的完成式含义类似。如: The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon ashe saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .4) could have +过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……”。这点与 ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如: What you said is right, but you could have phr