纳米氧化铜及其复合氧化物的制备和性能研究资料.pdf

硕士论文 Y 624933 纳米氧化铜及其复合氧化物的制各和性能研究。摘要:纳米氧化铜作为一种多功能精细无机材料得到了广泛的应用,它还可以作为各种反应的催化剂及催化剂的主要活性成分。本文首先用了两种固相反应来制备纳米氧化铜,探索其最佳的制备工艺条件。接着在液相体系中分别选择了碳酸氢铵和尿素作为沉淀剂制备出纳米氧化铜,并对其反应机理、反应条件进行了详细的研究。产物通过x一射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析(TG)、差热分析(DTA)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT_IR)等手段进行了表征。结 r 果表明:在固相和液相反应中加入某些少量的表面活性剂能在一定程度上改善产物的分散性;在液相体系中可以一步直接制备出纳米氧化铜,特别是以尿素作为沉淀剂我们对其反应机理在前人的基础上做了改进;通过共沸蒸馏可以进?步改善产物的分散性。然后还制备了一系列纳米金属复合氧化物,并测试了其对高氯酸铵的热分解催化性能,通过比较选出了效果较好的几种。最后将纳米氧化铜和复合氧化物用于火药和炸药的改性研究,测试其对火药和炸药的各方面性能的影响,包括感度(撞击感度、摩擦感度、热感度)、爆速等方面。并获得了较好的结果。关键词:氧化铜复合氧化物制备表征分散性催化性能硕士论文纳米氧化铜及其复合氧化物的制备和性能研究 Abstract:Nanocrystalline CuO has been widely used aS fine anic has alsobeen used asthecatalysts ofmany reactions and the ponent ofmany Nanocrystalline CuO wa3 prepared intwo systems ofsolidreaction,and thedifferent reaction conditions were theNH4HC03 and theC0(NH2)2 were selected as theprecipitator respectively to prepare thenanocrystalline CuO andthereactionmechanism was discussed in detail. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction()(RD)、Fourier transform Infrared(FT-IR)、thermalgravity(TG)、differential thermal analysis(DTA)and transmission electronmicroscopy(TEM、 resultsshow thatthe presence ofsmall amounts ofsurfactant can improve thedispersity oftheproduct. Especially inthe solution thedispersity oftheproduct callbemore improved by the azeotropic was found thatthenanocrystalline CuO Can be prepared in one stepby theCO(NH2h astheprecipitator insolution andthe reaction mechanism has been series posite crystals have been synthesized andtheircatalytic activity onNHtCl04 hasbeen the capabilities ofthepowder and the detonator Were investigated by adding small amounts ofnanocrystalline CuO posite crystals tothemrespectively. Key Words: copper oxide posite crystals preparation characterization dispersity catalytic activity II 堡圭避纳米氧化铜及其复合氧化物的制备和性能研究 1引言 l。l氧化铜简介氧化铜(CuO)属单斜晶系,空间群C2h6(2/re,N0