美国作家霍桑Hawthorne.ppt

Questions ? 1. When does American Romanticism begin to flourish? ? 2. Who is the first important American writer? And what is his representative work? ? 3. Is he a real American writer? ? 4. Who is the first American novelist? ? 5. When did American Romanticism culminate? ? 6. What has Nature been called? ? 7. And what has The American Scholar been rightly regarded? ? 8. Is American Romanticism the formative period of indigenous American literature? ? 9. Among the American Romantics, who drew from Emerson ’ s doctrine? And who reacted against his doctrine? ? 10. Who were “ New England poets ”? ? 11. Who was for a long time perhaps the most controversial and the most misunderstood of American writers? 霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864) ? What do you know about Nathaniel Hawthorne ? Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑(1804 - 1864) 1. American novelist and short story writer, most famous for his novel The Scarlet Letter. bined the American romanticism with puritan moralism psychological novelist (早期心理小说家 didn ’ t agree with the optimism held by Transcendentalists towards human nature. He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature. -transcendental works from Melville, Hawthorne, and Poe all comprise the Dark Romanticism (阴郁浪漫主义、黑色浪漫主义) of literature popular during this time. His life (1) 1 Born in Salem, Mass. in 1804; 2 Went to Bowdoin College (鲍登学院) , being friends of Longfellow and Franklin Pierce in 1821; 3 Lived in solitude and seclusion from 1825 to 1837 (read widely, acquainted with local history, and practice writing: 1st tale in 1828; Twice-Told Tales in 1837 ) His life (2) 4 Worked as the Custom Officer in Boston for a while; later survey of the port of Salem; ( 1839-1849 ) 5. 1841-42 , took part in the Transcendental community experiment in Brook Farm--distasteful 5 Gathered his materials by observing and listening to others and wrote h