考研英语二真题.doc

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　 　 　 　 　　 　 　 2０1１年考研英语(二)真题完整版
Sectiｏn　I　Use of　English
　Diｒｅｃtｉonｓ：　
　 Rｅａd　the　fｏｌｌowing　tｅxt. Cｈoosｅ tｈe besｔ　ｗｏrd（s) for each numｂereｄ ｂlaｃk ａnd mａrk A,　B, C ｏr D　on　ANSWER ＳHEＥT 1. (10　poinｔs）　
Tｈe　Iｎｔｅrnｅｔ affords　aｎonｙmiｔｙ ｔｏ　its ｕｓｅrｓ,　ａ　bｌesｓing ｔｏ　pｒivacｙ ａｎd freedom ｏf　sｐeech. But that very　ａnｏnymitｙ iｓ also　behiｎd　the ｅxplosiｏn of ｃｙｂeｒ-cｒimｅ that haｓ 1 across　ｔhe　Web.
Ｃａｎ　ｐrｉｖacy be ｐｒｅseｒveｄ 2 briｎging saｆeｔｙ aｎd　seｃurｉty　to ａ ｗorld ｔhａt ｓeｅｍｓ ｉncｒｅaｓinｇly 3 ？
Lａst　moｎｔh, Howａrｄ Schmidt, ｔｈｅ nａtioｎ‘ｓ　cybeｒ－ｃzａr, ｏｆfered tｈｅ fedｅral ｇｏｖernmeｎt a 4 to　ｍａkｅ tｈｅ　Weｂ ａ　ｓafer pｌace－a “ｖｏｌunｔaｒy　ｔrusｔed ideｎtｉty” ｓystem that ｗouｌd　ｂe thｅ　ｈｉgh－ｔech 5 of a　ｐhysiｃaｌ ｋey, ａ fingerpｒｉnt　and　a phｏto ID ｃard， aｌl ｒoｌｌｅd　６ one． Ｔhe　systｅm　miｇht　usｅ a sｍarｔ iｄentｉｔy caｒd, oｒ a　digitａl credentｉａl ７ ｔo a spｅcific cｏmputeｒ ．aｎd wｏｕlｄ　auｔheｎticａtｅ ｕsers　at ａ rａnge of online ｓeｒvicｅｓ.
　Ｔｈe idea　is to ８ a federation of　privatｅ online identｉty　systeｍs. Uｓｅr　could　9　whｉｃh　ｓysｔem ｔo joiｎ，　ａｎd　onlｙ regisｔｅred useｒｓ ｗｈose　idｅntiｔies　haｖe ｂｅｅn ａｕthentｉcaｔeｄ ｃｏuld navigaｔe　those sｙsｔems.　Tｈe　apｐroａch cｏｎtrasts with onｅ ｔｈａt would reｑuiｒe　ａn Ｉntｅrnet dｒiver‘ｓ　lｉcenｓe １０ bｙ　ｔｈｅ gｏverｎmeｎt．
　 Ｇoogle　aｎd Mｉcroｓofｔ　arｅ　aｍong coｍpaｎｉes ｔhaｔ　ａlrｅady　have　ｔｈesｅ“singｌe sign-on” syｓｔｅmｓ tｈat mａke　ｉt ｐｏsｓiblｅ for　uｓｅrｓ to 11　just once but　use many　diｆｆｅrent　ｓerｖices．　
　 12 ．ｔhe　appｒoach　woｕld ｃrｅａｔｅ a “walｌed ｇaｒden”　n　ｃybｅrｓpacｅ，　with ｓafe　“neighbｏｒｈoｏdｓ” and ｂｒight “sｔreeｔｌｉghｔｓ” ｔｏ ｅstabliｓh ａ ｓｅｎsｅ of a 1３ community.
　 Mｒ.　Ｓchｍidt　dｅｓcrｉbed ｉt ａs ａ　“voｌuntａry ecosｙstｅｍ” in　which “individｕals　ａnd ｏrｇａnｉzationｓ　can cｏmpleｔe ｏｎｌine ｔｒansaｃｔioｎs with 1４ ,tｒｕｓｔｉng　the ｉdｅｎｔｉtｉes　ｏf ｅａcｈ　ｏther　and the iｄeｎｔiｔｉeｓ ｏf　thｅ ｉｎfｒａstrｕcture　15 ｗhｉｃh　thｅ ｔransacｔioｎ runｓ”。
　 Stilｌ， the　aｄmiｎｉstraｔioｎ‘ｓ　ｐlａn　has 16 ｐrivａｃy　rｉｇhts ａｃｔｉｖists．　Somｅ　ａpｐlａud　the apｐroacｈ; ｏtheｒs　are concerｎeｄ. It　sｅeｍｓ clｅａｒ ｔhat such　a scheme is aｎ iｎiｔｉａｔｉｖe　pusｈ ｔowａｒd wｈat