中日发音人汉语单音节声母的声学特征对比.pdf

学科代码编号北京语言大学硕士学位论文学号: 0690131 研究生: 边卫花导师: 曹文副教授研究方向: 实验语音学论文题目: 中日发音人汉语普通话声母的声学特征学科: 语言学及应用语言学学院: 对外汉语研究中心入学时间: 2006 年9 月答辩时间: 2009年6 月3 日本研究得到北京语言大学校级科研项目(08WT01)资助中日发音人普通话声母的声学特征摘要本文以普通话声母为研究对象,分析了中国发音人和日本发音人普通话声母中的清擦音、清塞音、清塞擦音以及l和r的声学特征。本文的研究结果表明: 中国人清擦音f、h与s、sh、x在音长和音强上存在差异,前者的音长小于后者,音强弱于后者;频谱构成方面,f、h、s、sh、x的下限频率和强频区各有各的特征。日本人的f、h在音长上短于s、sh、x,在音强上f与s、sh、x并无显著差异;f、h、sh、x都存在语音偏误,在频谱上,下限频率是辨认语音偏误的主要声学特征。中国人送气音和不送气音的VOT存在范畴边界;音强不能作为区分送气、不送气的依据;塞音b、d后接相同的元音时其过渡音征有不同表现。而日本人会把不送气清音发成浊音,出现VOT<0的情况;送气音会被发成不送气音或者介于送气与不送气之间的音,VOT的长度短于正确的发音。中国人的边音l在后接i、??时,F2会比后接其它元音时高一些,这表明舌位会相对靠前;日本发音人的边音l在后接i或??时,出现了塞音的声学特征,听感上近似于[d]或[t]。中国人的声母r依据摩擦程度的不同主要有两种变体:浊擦音[?]和半元音[?]。日本人的r存在多种变体,语图上能观察到边音[l]、塞音[d]和[t]、舌叶音[?] 等变体的声学特征。关键词:普通话声母声学特征日本学习者 PARISONS ON ACOUSTIC FEATURESOF CHINESE INITIAL CONSONANTS PRODUCED BY CHINESE AND JAPANESE BIAN Weihua Directed by Dr. CAO Wen, Associate Professor at BLCU Abstract Thisthesis has studied the acoustic featuresof Chineseconsonants in monosyllabic words produced by native Chinesespeakers and Japaneselearners of Chinese. We measured the duration and intensity of Chineseunvoiced fricatives produced by Chinesespeakers. The results show that the duration of “f”and “h”is shorter than “s”,“sh”and “x”, and the intensity of “f”and “h”is weaker than “s”,“sh”and “x”. In contrast the Japanese learner’s fricatives have the same performance except that the intensity of their “f”is no weaker than that of “s”,“sh”and “x”. What is more important is that each fricative differs from other ones on thelower frequency limit and concentrated frequency area, and the Japaneselearners’fricative errors can be identified by their unique performances of lower frequency limits. Eachstop and affricative’s VOT value is limited in certain range and there is a VOT boundary between each pair of aspirated and unaspirated soundswith the same articulation place; for Japanese learners, the length of VOT is a signi