Image Processing Fundamentals.pdf

Image Processing Fundamentals
Image Processing
Fundamentals
Fundamentals of Image Processing
● Introduction
● Digital Image Definitions
● Tools
● Perception
● Image Sampling
● Noise
● Cameras
● Displays
● Algorithms
● Techniques
● Acknowledgments
● References
● Contents
[10/19/2002 12:02:28 PM]
Image Processing Fundamentals - Introduction
Introduction
Modern digital technology has made it possible to manipulate multi-dimensional signals with
systems that range from simple digital circuits to advanced puters. The goal of this
manipulation can be divided into three categories:
* Image Processing image in -> image out
* Image Analysis image in -> measurements out
* Image Understanding image in -> high-level description out
We will focus on the fundamental concepts of image processing. Space does not permit us to
make more than a few introductory remarks about image analysis. Image understanding
requires an approach that differs fundamentally from the theme of this book. Further, we will
restrict ourselves to two-dimensional (2D) image processing although most of the concepts and
techniques that are to be described can be extended easily to three or more dimensions.
Readers interested in either greater detail than presented here or in other aspects of image
processing are referred to
We begin with certain basic definitions. An image defined in the "real world" is considered to be
a function of two real variables, for example, a(x,y) with a as the amplitude (. brightness) of
the image at the real coordinate position (x,y). An image may be considered to contain sub-
images sometimes referred to as regions-of-interest, ROIs, or simply regions. This concept
reflects the fact that images frequently contain collections of objects each of which can be the
basis for a region. In a sophisticated image processing system it should be possible to apply
specific