初一英语语法总结 (2).doc

2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词 A)第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加 s,如下: 一)一般在词后加 s。如: comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如: watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加 y结尾的变 y为i再加 es。如: study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加 y结尾的直接加 s。如: plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以 o结尾加 es。如: does, goes 五)特殊的有: are-is, have-has B)现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加 ing 。如: spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音 e的结尾的去掉 e再加 ing 。如: dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如 show – showing, draw-drawing )要双写最后的辅音字母再加 ing 。如: put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以 ie结尾的变 ie为 y再加 ing 。如: tie-tying 系 die-dyin g 死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下: 一) 一般在词后加 er或 est( 如果是以 e结尾则直接加 r或 st)。如: greater-greatest, shorter – shortest, taller – tallest, longer – longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且 1个元音字母+ 1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如 few-fewer fewest) 结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 er /est 。如: big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以辅音字母+ y结尾的变 y为 i加 er/est 。如: happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况: (两好多坏,一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接 th; y结尾,变为 i, eth 跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredt