英语的作文段落结构分析报告.doc

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1． 什么是主题句？
主题句〔topic sentence〕是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例：
My mother has passedstory “Soldier’s Home〞，Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of God's Kingdom．这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home〞， Kreb is a lonely，cynical veteran．这个句子可作为主题句，因为可以围绕“lonely，cynical〞展开段落。Let me tell you something about overpopulation．这个句子太笼统，作为一个段落的主题太大，难于驾驭。Why has the world population been increasing sorapidly in the last decades？这个句子是个较好的主题句，作者用“the reasons for overpopulation in the last decades〞，从“原因〞〔cause〕和“时间〞〔time〕两方面限制了主题，能在一个段落内论述。
2．推展句
主要推展句
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　　主要推展句(major supporting statement)的主要特点是：围绕段落主题句展开的每一个推展句本身都不要求作进一步的说明或证明，句与句之间的关系是相互独立又是互相连接的。
　　例1：(主题句) There are several factors affecting climate. (推展句1)One factor is the mount of sunlight received. (推展句2)Altitude, or the height above sea level, also determines climate. (推展句3)The oceans have an effect on the climate of adjacent land. (推展句4)In addition, climate is influenced by the general circulation of the atmosphere.
　　主题句指出影响气候的几个因素。然后用四个扩展句说明四种因素。第一种是太阳光的接收量，第二种是海拔高度，第三句和第四句分别是海洋和大气环流因素。
次要推展句
　　次要推展句(minor supporting statement)是指对主要推展句作进一步的事实分析和举例说明。它从属于某一个或某几个推展句。
　　例2：(主题句)I don't teach because teaching is not easy for me. (主要推展句1)Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. (主要推展句2)For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. (次要推展句1)Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. (次要推展句2)Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. (次要推展句3)Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
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　　从属于主要推展句2的三个次要推展句起着解释说明作用，分别解释red-eye, sweaty-palm, sin