英语专业-语言学考点汇总.doc

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Chapter 1
三、问答题 rn linguistics mainly synchronic or diachronic? why
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Modern linguistics is mainly synchronic, focusing on the present-day language. unless the various states of a language are successfully studied, it will not be possible to describe language from a diachronic point of view.
现代语言学主要是共时性的，重点研究现代语言。除非对语言的各种状态都进展成功的研究，否则很难从历时性角度对语言进展描述。
enjoys priority in modern linguistics, speech or writings?
Speech enjoys for the following reasons:
⑴Speech precedes writing in terms of evolution.
⑵A large amount of munication is carried out in speech than in writing.
⑶speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language.
is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky’s ?
Both Saussure and Chomsky make the distinction between the abstract language system and the actual use of language. their purpose is to single out the language system for serious study
Two linguists idea differ in that Saussure took a sociological view of language, Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view, petence is a property of the mind of each individual.
distinction between langue and parole?
⑴langue is abstract, relatively stable ⑵parole is