发表英文医学论文技巧.ppt

Making An English Biomedical Paper:Why, What, and How
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Clear
Reaches the audience with the same meaning it had
Should NOT be interpreted in more than one way ---- Avoid
When something is said for the first time, clarity is essential.
Concise
Expresses, covers much in few words
The best English is that which gives the sense in the fewest short words. – Instructions to Authors, Journal of Bacteriology.
Simple ---- Easy to understand, not elaborate or artificial, not ornate, not complicated
Illustrated ---- “A picture is worth a thousand words.” Make use of good figures and tables
Characteristics of Scientific Writing (2)
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Sins of Language
excess
malice
ignorance
dishonesty
omission
Misunderstanding
Misleading
Harm
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First report of the data (original paper)
Original research results (not me-too)
Allow peers to repeat the reported experiments (not necessarily the results)
Publish in a journal or other public source document
Available to the scientific community
Be received and understood
Characteristics of a Valid Manuscript (1)
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Characteristic format ---- IMRAD
(Introduction, Methods (& Materials), Results, and Discussion)
Introduction: What question was studied?
Methods: How was it studied?
Results: What were the findings?
Discussion: What do the findings mean?
This logic helps the author organize and write the manuscript.
Traditional format
Cancer Research
PNAS USA
Alternative format: Introduction, Results, Discussion, and Methods (& Materials)
EMBO J
Oncogene
Letter format
Nature
Science
Characteristics of a Valid Manuscript (2)
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Is there a story to tell?
What was the rationale for the project?
Did I perform a thorough literature review?
What is the historical context of the work?
Did I have a clear hypothesis?
Did the experiments test that hypothesis?
Is the experimental design defendable?
Can I justify w