精品PPT课件----化学专业英语第六课仪器分析英文课件.ppt

Volumetric ANALYSIS
Introduction
Analytical Chemistry: determining the position of samples of matter.
Qualitative analysis: identify of functional groups, or atomic, molecular structure of analyte ( what?)
Quantitative analysis: amount of analyte ( how much?)
3
定性分析 Qualitative analysis 物质的组成
定量分析 Quantitative analysis 成分的含量
结构分析 Structure analysis 物质的结构
DNA测序(DNA Sequencing)
形态分析 Species analysis 物质的形态
能态分析 Energy-state analysis 物质的能态
分析方法的分类
Classical methods (Chemical analysis)
Qualitative analysis: Analytes
Products
recognized
yield
treated with reagents
Colors
Boiling (melting) points
Solubilities
Odors
Optical activities
Refractive indexes
Quantitative analysis: gravimetric; titrimetric
Instrumental methods (Instrumental analysis)
Early in 20th century
Measurements of physical (chemical) properties of analytes:
-conductivity; electrode potential; light absorption (emission); mass-to-charge ratio; fluorescence
Highly efficient chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques
replaced
Distillation, extraction, precipitation
a. Development of instruments puter
b. Development of separation methods
c. Classification of instrumental analysis
Optical Analysis (spectrometry);
Electrochemical Analysis;
Chromatography……………
General principles of volumetric analysis
Chemical analyses can be made by determining how much of a solution of known concentration is needed to react fully with an unknown test sample.
通过测定需要多少已知浓度的溶液与未知样品彻底反应来做化学定量分析。
The method is generally referred to as volumetric analysis and consists of titrating the unknown solution with one of known concentration (a standard solution).
General principles of volumetric analysis
这个方法一般称为容量分析,由已知浓度(标准溶液)的溶液滴定未知浓度的溶液。
By titration, you can determine exactly how much of a reagent is required to bring plete reaction of the test solution.
General principles of volumetric analysis
通过滴定法,你可以准确测定需要多少试剂可完成实验溶液的完全反应。
Usually, completion of the reaction is indicated by a sudden, v