中考英语——一轮归纳复习-语法突破(1).doc

中考英语——一轮归纳复习-语法突破(1)
★清华大学★英语系测试:为中学英语量身定做.
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清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
一、名词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。
强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:
,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。
. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。
“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。
“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。
“o”结尾的词,一般直接加s,mango除外:mango-mangoes;读音:[z]。
: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice
判断步骤:
↗如是am、is或was→原形
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词
↘如是are或were→加s或es
练一练:
1、写出下列各词的复数。
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______ child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________
2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。
(1)Are there two ______ ( box ) on the table?
(2)I can see some _______( people ) in the cinema.
(3)How many _______( day ) are there in a week?
(4)Here’re five _________( bottle ) of _______( juice ) for you.
(5)This ________ ( violin ) is hers. Those _____ ( grape ) are over there.
二、冠词
是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如:an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…
2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法:
(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.
(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.
(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.
(