plc相关的外文英语文献与翻译.doc

Relays The Programmable Logic Controller Early machines were controlled by mechanical means using cams, gears, levers and other basic mechanical devices. As plexity grew, so did the need for a more sophisticated control system. This system contained wired relay and switch control elements. These elements were wired as required to provide the control logic necessary for the particular type of machine operation. This was acceptable for a machine that never needed to be changed or modified, but as manufacturing techniques improved and plant changeover to new products became more desirable and necessary, a more versatile means of controlling this equipment had tobe developed. Hardwired relay and switch logic was cumbersome and time consuming to modify. Wiring had tobe removed and replaced to provide for the new control scheme required. This modification was difficult and time consuming to design and install and any small "bug" in the design could bea major problem to correct since that also required rewiring of the system. A new means to modify control circuitry was needed. The development and testing ground for this new means was the . auto industry. The time period was the late 1960's and early 1970's and the result was the programmable logic controller, or PLC. Automotive plants were confronted with a change in manufacturing techniques every time a model changed and, in some cases, for changes on the same model if improvements had tobe made during the model year. The PLC provided an easy way to reprogram the wiring rather than actually rewiring the control system. The PLC that was developed during this time was not very easy to program. The language was cumbersome to write and required highly trained programmers. These early devices were merely relay replacements and could do very little else. The PLC has at first gradually, and in recent years rapidly developed into a sophisticated and highly versatile control ponent. Units today are capable of plex math