ESZ论文讲 座9定.ppt

Chapter 9
Different Styles of Referencing
Points to learn in this lecture
1. Types of referencing
2. References in the running text
3. References at the end of the research paper
4. Samples
Types of referencing
Currently, three mayor styles are used to help format citations and bibliographies for most academic papers and research in the humanities, social sciences, and some scientific disciplines:
Modern Language Association style
(MLA 现代语言学会论文的书目格式)
2. American Psychological Association style
(APA 美国心理学会的书目格式)
3. The Chicago Manual style
(CM 芝加哥论文格式)
Examples
MLA 现代语言学会论文的书目格式:
Powell, Ronald R. Basic Research Methods for Librarians. 3rd ed. Greenwich, CT: Ablex, 1997.
APA 美国心理学会的书目格式
Powell, R. R.(1997). Basic Research Methods for ed. Greenwich, CT: Ablex.
CM 芝加哥论文格式
Powell, Ronald R. 1997 Basic Research Methods for ed. Greenwich, CT: Ablex.
The MLA Style
The MLA style is widely used for identifying research sources, which concerns itself with the mechanics of writing, such as punctuation, quotation, and documentation of sources has been largely adopted by schools, academic departments, and instructors for nearly half a century.
Its guidelines are currently used by over 125 scholarly and literary journals, newsletters, and magazines; by hundreds of smaller periodicals; and by may university mercial style monly followed not only in the United States but in Canada and other countries as well; a Chinese translation was published in 1990.
The MLA style requires three methods of acknowledging sources
(1) Parenthetical citation in the text
(2) Full documentation in works cited
(3) Information notes (either footnotes or endnotes)

If needed. Whatever cited in text or mentioned in the content notes must have its correspondence in the works cited page
(1) Parenthetical citation in the text
Parenthetical citation, also called interlinear notes, follow a simple format. you should place the no