托福听力对话conversation题型精讲.docx

托福听力对话conversation题型精讲
托福听力对话conversation题型精讲 这些出题思路你都知道吗?
托福听力对话类素材出题点规律介绍
托福听力对话素材中的出题点一般是根据这个公式来分布的，(1+2+的题实质上就是出题人把一个detail拎出来问你，作者为什么要提到这个detail。到这里，问题的关键就变成了找到这个detail对应的claim原委在哪里。
最简洁的模型就是，claim后面就一个detail支撑，这种状况下，自然detail前面紧挨着的那句话就是作者的观点，即提到这个detail的目的是为了说明前面的这个观点。
然而有时候，作者会用不止一个detail来支撑最前面的claim，模型视图如下
Claim+ detail 1 + detail 2 + detail 3
这种时候，假如出题人把detail 3拎出来问你它的目的，明显答案就不是为了支持紧挨着它的前面那句话了，而应当是遥相支持前面的前面的前面的那个claim。
依据以上原理，我们总结出了一个做题步骤，帮助大家高效地找到这个claim。
简言之，
1. 找出题目中的关键词
2. 用关键词定位原文
3. 根据原句 -- 前面1~2句 -- 段落第一句的依次找到claim
4. 依据原文claim找到对应选项
可以看出，步骤1和2是在文章中找到题目里提到的detail的位置，当然，假如文中已经给你highligh出来了的话这两个步骤就省掉了
而步骤3才是在找claim
下面，我们来进行一个实操应用：
In paragraph 1, what is the author's purpose in providing examples of how organisms are destroyed?
○To emphasize how surprising it is that so many fossils exist
○To introduce a new geologic theory of fossil preservation
○To explain why the fossil record until now has remained incomplete
○To compare how fossils form on land and in water
很明显，这道题须要我们自己去找到detail的位置，所以我们要从第1个步骤起先做起：找出题目中的关键词
examples of how organisms are destroyed(生物被摧毁的例子)
第2步，我们要拿着关键词到段落里面去找detail对应的原句，即哪里有提到生物被摧毁的例子
Paragraph 1: When one considers the many ways by which organisms are completely destroyed after death, it is remarkable that fossils are as common as they are. Attack by scavengers and bacteria, chemical decay, and destruction by erosion and other geologic agencies make the odds against preservation very high. However, the chances of escaping complete destruction are vastly improved if the organism happens to have a mineralized skeleton and dies in a place where it can be quickly buried by sediment. Both of these conditions are often found on the ocean floors, where shelled invertebrates (organisms without spines) flourish and are covered by the continuous rain of sedimentary particles. Although most