【哲学论文】理性的失落与回归.pdf.pdf

理性的失落与回归

摘要

本文分析了在哲学发展过程中不同形态的理性精神,重点批判
了把理性建立在纯粹内在性原则基础上、将理性本体化的近代理性
形而上学,揭示了建立在理性形而上学虚妄根基上的理性的合法性
的丧失。非理性主义只是以尖锐的对抗形式表达了对理性的否定,
只是用非理性本体代替了理性本体而已,其形而上学的实质依然不
变。马克思的哲学革命从人的现实实践出发,言说了人的生存筹划
过程,在人的“现实生活世界”中呈现了理性的合法性根基,实现
了理性精神向人自身生存的回归,把一直以来被抛离的理性拉回到
了自己的“家园”。
本文共分四个部分。第一部分分析了理性形而上学对理性的空
疏建构所造成的理性的失落;第二部分阐明了非理性主义对理性形
而上学批判的实质,它们单向度地否定理性,给予理性一次沉痛的
打击,但却没有给予问题以根本解决;第三部分论述了马克思的哲
学革命,马克思从本体论的高度呈现了理性的根基,让理性回归到
了自己的“家园”;第四部分通过对马克思哲学革命的当代意义的
说明,进一步确证了马克思哲学的当代性。

关键词:理性;理性形而上学;非理性; 非理性主义; 实践;
现实生活世界
Losing and Returning of the Reason

Abstract

This essay analyses different kinds of spirit of reason, criticizes the
modern rational Metaphysics which built reason on the base of inherence
of thinking and cut it off from the realistic human to be ontology. This
essay exposes the essence of the criticism of irrationalism, irrationalism
criticized the modern rational Metaphysics as the opposition of rationalism
and it also had been under the shadow of the modern rational Metaphysics.
Marx let the reason get back to the realistic living world of human and
based it upon the care of human existence. He disintegrated abstract
opposition of reason and irrationality.
This essay consists four sections. The first section criticizes the
ontological base of reason which was in the modern rational Metaphysics.
The second section states the surface criticism of irrationalism to the
modern rational Metaphysics. In the third section, the essay expounds
Marx’s deep philosophical revolution which based on practice and realistic
living world. The last section expounds the contemporary meaning of
Marx’s philosophical revolution.

Key Words: reason ; rational Metaphysics ;
irrationality ;irrationalism ; practice realistic living world
目录

前言...............................................................................................................1
一、理性的失落——理性形而上学的终结.............................................