《诗品》史学教育文学丛书.pdf

诗品
南北朝钟嵘著
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目录
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目录
诗品
诗品序
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诗品上
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诗品中
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诗品下
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诗品
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诗品序
序曰气之动物物之感人故摇荡性情形诸舞咏欲以
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照烛三才晖丽万有灵待之以致飨幽微藉之以昭告动
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天地感鬼神莫近于诗
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昔南风之辞卿云之颂厥义矣夏歌曰郁陶乎
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予心楚谣曰名余曰正则虽诗体未全然略是五言之滥
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觞也
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逮汉李陵始著五言之目矣古诗眇邈人世难详推
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其文体固是炎汉之制非衰周之倡也
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自王杨枚马之徒词赋竞爽而吟咏靡闻从李都尉迄
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班婕妤将百年间有妇人焉一人而已诗人之风顿已缺丧
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东京二百载中惟有班固咏史质木无文
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降及建安曹公父子笃好斯文平原兄弟郁为文栋刘
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桢王粲为其羽翼次有攀龙托凤自致于属车者盖将百计
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彬彬之盛大备于时矣
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尔后陵迟衰微迄于有晋太康中三张二陆两潘一
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左勃尔复兴踵武前王风流未沫亦文章之中兴也
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永嘉时贵黄老稍尚虚谈于时篇什理过其辞淡乎寡
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味爰及江表微波尚传孙绰许询桓庾诸公诗皆平典似
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道德论建安风力尽矣
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先是郭景纯用上之才变创其体刘越石仗清刚之气
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赞成厥美然彼众我寡未能动俗逮义熙中谢益寿斐然继
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诗品
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作元嘉中有谢灵运才高词盛富艳难踪固已含跨刘郭
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凌轹潘左故知陈思为建安之杰公干仲宣为辅陆机为太
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康之英安仁景阳为辅谢客为元嘉之雄颜延年为辅斯皆
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五言之冠冕文词之命世也
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夫四言文约易广取效风骚便可多得每苦文繁
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而意少故世罕习焉五言居文词之要是众作之有滋味者也
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故云会于流俗岂不以指事造形穷情写物最为详切者邪
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故诗有六义焉一曰兴二曰比三曰赋文已尽而意有
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余兴也因物喻志比也直书其事寓言写物赋也弘斯三
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义酌而用之干之以风力润之以丹彩使咏之者无极闻之
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者动心是诗之至也
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若专用比兴则患在意深意深则词踬若但用赋体则患
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在意浮意浮则文散嬉成流移文无止泊有芜漫之累矣
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若乃春风春鸟秋月秋蝉夏云暑雨冬月祁寒斯四候之
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感诸诗者也嘉会寄诗以亲离群托诗以怨至于楚臣去境
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汉妾辞宫或骨横朔野或魂逐飞蓬或负戈外戍杀气雄边
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塞客衣单孀闺泪尽又士有解佩出朝一去忘返女有扬娥人
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宠再倾国凡斯种种感荡心灵非陈诗何以展其义非长
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歌何以骋其情故曰诗可以群可以怨使穷贱易安幽
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居靡闷莫尚于诗矣
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故词人作者罔不爱好今之士俗斯风炽矣才能胜衣
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甫就小学必甘心而驰惊焉于是庸音杂体各各为容至使
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膏腴子弟耻文不逮终朝点缀分夜呻吟独观谓为惊策众
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终沦平钝
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次有轻薄之徒笑曹刘为古拙谓鲍昭羲皇上人谢今
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诗品
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古独步而师鲍昭终不及日中市朝满学谢劣得黄鸟
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度青枝徒自弃于高听无涉于文流矣
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观王公绅之士每博论之余何尝不以诗为口实随其
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嗜欲商榷不同淄渑并泛朱紫相增喧议竞起准的无依近
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彭城刘士章俊赏之士疾其淆乱欲为当世诗品口陈标榜
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其文未遂嵘感而作焉
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昔九品论人七略裁士校以宾实诚多未值至若诗之
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为技较尔可知以类推之殆均博弈
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方今皇帝资生知之上才体沈郁之幽思文丽日月学究
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天人昔在贵游