英语中动词有两种语态主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示.doc

英语中动词有两种语态主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示.doc英语中动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考必考内容之一,考查的重点主要是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态以及主动语态变为被动语态的方法等。
考点一被动语态的用法
被动语态是由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。被动语态常用于以下场合:
1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如:
This bridge was founded in 。
2. 强调动作的执行者,使用“by+执行者”。如:
The glass was broken by 。
【注意】
只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词,如come, go, rise, happen, take place等没有被动语态。
【链接中考】
(2015福建福州)—Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking ______ in public places.
—Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now.
A. isn’t allowed B. aren’t allowed C. doesn’t allow
【答案】A
(2015江苏南京)Pukou Railway Station ______ in 1911 and it has e a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.
A. build B. is built C. built D. was built
【答案】D
考点二主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
⑴将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
⑵谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
⑶主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。( 有时by短语可以省略)。请看示范:
【链接中考】
(2015新疆)They often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态)
Their classroom ______ often ______ by them after school.
【答案】is; cleaned
(重庆市)More and more people speak Chinese in the world. (改为被动语态)
Chinese _______ _______ by more and more people in the world.
【答案】is spoken
2. 常考的几种被动语态结构
“主动语态变被动语态,时态不变动”,即助动词be的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态一致。如下表:
时态
被动结构
例句
一般现在时
am/ is/ are+过去分词
Chinese is spoken by many 。
一般过去时
was/ were+过去分词
This book was written by 。
一般将来时
will/ shall+过去分词