材料化学论文.doc

压电陶瓷分类、制备工艺(包括极化)及其设备、
压电陶瓷应用及其实例
摘要:所谓压电陶瓷就是压电多晶体,一种能够将机械能和电能互相转换的功能陶瓷材料,属于无机非金属材料,到目前为止,应用最广泛的压电陶瓷材料是既具有良好压电、铁电性,而且还可以通过取代和掺杂在较宽的范围内调整其性能,以满足不同需要的锆钛铅(PZT)和它的复合材料。压电材料也是众多压电材料中的一种,约占整个功能陶瓷材料的1/3多,它主要用于换能器,传感器,共振器,驱动器等等。
关键词:压电陶瓷压电原理分类制备工艺应用
Piezoelectric ceramic classification, preparation
(including polarization) and its equipment,
piezoelectric ceramics and their
application examples
Zhonghai Min
College of Science Applied Chemistry 0802 class
Abstract: So-called pressure electric ceramic is pressure electric polycrystalline, a can will machinery can and power mutual conversion of function ceramic material, belonging to anic non-metal , to currently weizhi, application most widely of pressure electric ceramic material is both has good pressure electric, and iron electric sexual, and also can through replaced and doping in more wide of range within adjustment its performance, to meet different need of zirconium titanium lead ( PZT ) and it posites. Piezoelectric materials is also one of the many piezoelectric materials accounted of functional ceramic materials as a whole 1/3 , it is mainly used for transducers, sensors, Resonators, drives, and so on.
Key words: Piezoelectric ceramic piezoelectric principle classification preparation application

压电陶瓷(piezoelectric ceramics):具有压电效应的陶瓷称为压电陶瓷,由于末经过极化处理的铁电陶瓷的自发极化随机取向,故没有压电性。极化处理使其自发极化沿极化方向择优取向。在撤去电场后,陶瓷体仍保留着一定的总体剩余极化,故使陶瓷体有了压电性,成为压电陶瓷。在高温的高温度梯度场中定向析晶的非铁电极性玻璃陶瓷也具有压电性。常见的种类有:
钛酸钡陶瓷(barium titanate ceramics)
钛酸钡陶瓷是一种具有典型钙钛矿结构的铁电陶瓷。它通常是以碳酸钡和二氧化钛为主要原料,预先合成后再在高温下烧结而成的。  
 (lead titanate ceramics )  
钛酸铅陶瓷是具有钙钛矿性结构的铁电陶瓷。它通常是由四氧化三铅(或氧化铅
)和二氧化钛以及少量添加物预先合成后再在高温下烧结而成的。  
(binary system ceramies )
二元系压电陶瓷是俩种化学通式ABO3型结构的化学物所形成的固溶体,其中A代表二价的正离子Pb2+,Ba2+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,等或一价正离子K+,Na+等,B代表四价的正离子Zr4+,Ti4+或五价的Nb5+等。最常见的二元系压电陶瓷是PbZrXTi1-XO3。通过调节两种ABO3型结构的克分子比,以及用取代元素和添加物改性的方法, 可以获得各种不同用途的材料。
(Lead zirconate ceramic)  
锆钛酸铅陶瓷通常简称为PZT陶瓷,这种压电陶瓷目前受到广泛应用。它是PbZrO3和PbTiO3的固溶体,具有钙钛矿型