经济高速增长时期中日对外贸易比较分析.doc

摘

要
1955-1973 年是日本经济高速增长时期,1978 年到现在是我国经济高速增长时期。在这
个阶段的中国和日本的对外贸易都在快速发展,研究日本贸易发展对我国当今的贸易转型有
积极的借鉴意义。
经济高速增长时期,日本面临国际经济大发展、自由贸易主义盛行的宽松环境,拥有良
好的国民素质、高储蓄率和工业发展的背景。根据有利的国内外条件,日本政府以技术高度
化和产业高度化为目标,采用战略性贸易理论,将战略性贸易政策与产业扶持政策、科技政
策综合运用,取得了重大的成功。资本、技术密集型产业成为出口贸易的主导,实现了贸易
顺差,为日本的进口和产业升级、增强出口产品的国际竞争力起了巨大的作用,1973 年成为
世界第三大贸易国。究其原因,日本积极采用先进技术,提高了劳动生产率和产品质量,不
断创造新产品,降低产品价格,增强了国际竞争力,促成了贸易的大发展。
比之日本,经济高速增长时期我国贸易在机遇中面临着挑战:面临国际贸易的保护主义
抬头,国内拥有众多就业人口,产业竞争力普遍不强,管理水平低下。据此,我国以充分就
业和经济发展为目标,采用比较利益理论,大力引进外资,放开贸易经营权,优先发展劳动
密集型产业,使其成为我国出口贸易的主导,同样实现了顺差,为我国就业和经济发展起了
重要的作用。但是与日本比较,我国贸易粗放式增长、结构升级缓慢、加工贸易与国内产业
疏远、贸易条件恶化等问题暴露无遗,这些问题的解决,可以借鉴日本的经验。依据战略性
贸易理论,综合运用贸易政策、产业政策和科技政策,促使我国贸易结构的升级和产业结构
的优化,从而促进经济持续快速的发展。
关键词:中国;日本;对外贸易;比较分析
ABSTRACT
It was 1955-1973 that was the period of high speed growth of Japanese economy, so is 1978
to present in china. In this stage Chinese and Japanese foreign trade are developing fast. Studying
on the Japanese trade development has the positive model significance to our country’s trade
reforming nowadays.
During the high speed economical growth, Japan confronted the opportunity background of
the international rapid economical development, the free trade principle in vogue,the good
national quality, the high saving ratio and the industrial basis. According to the advantageous
domestic and external conditions, Japanese government aimed at the technology upgrading and
industry upgrading, and put the strategic trade policy and the industrial support policy into
practice according to the strategic trade theory and obtained huge ess. The capital-intensive
and the technology-intensive industry became the leadership of the export trade, and realized the
trade surplus, which play an important role in promoting the import and the industry upgrade、
strengthening the petitive power of the export products. So in 1973 Japan
became the third big trade country in the world. The reason is that: Japan used the advanced
technology positively to enha