被动与主动.ppt

被动与主动
4. 思维的差异:abstract vs concrete;
Passive vs active
Such books are written for children.
You are requested to give a performance.
You’ re wanted on the phone.
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
The song posed by a worker.
E: passive
1. When the active subject is known and need not be mentioned:
Visitors are requested to wait a .
2. When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated:
You are wanted on the phone.
5 cases in which passive voice is used in English:
3. When the active subject is not mentioned for some special reasons (tact or delicacy of sentiment)(出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。)
Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been 。
6 cases in which passive is used in English:
4. When the active subject is less important than the subject acted upon(为了突出谈话的中心):The song posed by a worker.
5. For stylistic devices (便于衔接):
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
Larry actually loved her and was loved in return.
5 cases in which passive is used in English:
E: be done; to be done;
Impersonal passive: It is believed
double passive: The date is expected to be announced soon.
Passive forms in E:
有形式标志的被动式(marked): 受、遭、由、被、给、叫、让、加以、为。
无形式标志的被动式(unmarked):文章写好了。
Passive forms in Chinese:
1. About 2 o’clock in the morning, I was wakened by a phone call. (page 63) 大约凌晨两点钟,我被电话铃声惊醒了。
2. They would not be conquered and enslaved without a struggle. 他们不愿不作斗争就被征服并沦为奴隶。
Translation techniques: conversion between passive and active voice.
He was given a prize. 他得了奖。
The matter must be discussed at the meeting…予以讨论。(“把,由,加以”)
The colleges are built on a mon to 。(“是……的”)
He was laughed at by the people as a foolish dreamer. 人们把他当作愚蠢的空想家来嘲笑。(“把,由,加以”)
汉语“把”字句:
其宾语多是后面动词的受事者,表示处置;
其后动词多为动补式,表示致使;
表示动词的处所或范围:
“把甲当乙”句式;
“把”字祈使句;
带双宾语的“把”字句