主动与被动--.ppt

Active Vioce and Passive Vioce
靳雪倩马英李丹李媛
刘晏伶马婷婷刘晓晗
一、施事的原因
当主动句的施事由于以下原因而不需要或不可能指明时。英语往往采用被动句:
1、施事未明而难以言明,如:
The murderer was caught yesterday.
2、施事从上下文中可以不言自明,如:
She told me that her master had dismissed reason had been
assigned ;no objection had been made to her had been
Forbidden to appeal to her mistress.
3、施事不如受事重要或受事需要强调,如:
Her only son was ran over by a car.
4、由于特殊原因而不能指明施事,如:
Some thing has been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.
二、句法的要求
英语注重形合,注重语法结构和表达形式。当主动式不便于表达时,
出于造句的需要或修辞的考虑,往往采用被动式:
1、为了使句子承上启下、前后连贯、便于衔接,如:
Some kinds of plastics can be forced through machines which separate
Them into long,thin strings,called “fibres”,and these fibres can be made
into cloth.
有几种塑料可以压入机器并分离成细长的纤维,这种纤维可以用来织布。
2、为了使句子保持末端重量和句尾开放,以符合主语简短、谓语复杂的表达****惯,
如:
I was astounded that he was prepared to give me a jop.
四、修辞的考虑
使用被动句可以是表达方法灵活多变,避免句型单调
例如:
There are many ways to vary the basic English sentence pattern of suject
-verb-object.
有许多方法可以变换英语“主-动-宾”基本句型。
The basic English sentence pattern of subject-verb-object can be varied
in many ways.
英语“主-动-宾”基本句型可以用许多方法加以改变。
四、文体的需要信息性的文体:
科技文体、新闻文体、公文文体及论述文体。科技文体注重事理和活动的客观叙述,历戒作者的主观臆断,因而常常避免提及施事。英语有些被动意义可用词汇表达,如:
名词(短语)
examinee(=person examined)受审查者;受试人
referee(=to whom a question is referred)受委托者
形容词
eatable(=fit to be eat)可吃的
visible(=that can be seen)可见的
介词短语
in one’s possessi