研究生英语熟谙教程unit 10 Animal reasearch is vital to medicine教案.doc

Unit Ten:
Animal Research Is Vital to Medicine
Jack H. Botting Adrian R. Morrison
 
Pasteur By Emily Klein
The French chemist, Louis Pasteur devoted his life to solving practical problems of industry, agriculture and medicine. His discoveries have saved countless lives and created new technologies from which the world can profit. Among his discoveries are the pasteurization process, and ways of preventing silk worm diseases, anthrax, chicken cholera and rabies. Born in 1822 in France, Pasteur received a degree of bachelor of letters from the College Royale de Besancon. For the next three years he tutored younger students and prepared for the Ecole Normale Superieure, a teacher training college in Paris. As part of his studies he investigated the crystallographic, chemical and optical properties of tartaric acid. His work laid the foundations for later study of the geometry of chemical bonds. Eventually, Pasteur's research in the optical activity anic substances would be used as a tool for identifying molecular structure. He was quickly appointed as an assistant professor of chemistry. By 1854, Pasteur's work had gotten him appointed the dean of the school of science at the University of Lisle. It was there that a local distiller came to him in search of someone who could help him control the process of making alcohol by fermenting beet sugar. Pasteur saw that fermentation was not a simple chemical reaction, but took place only in the presence of anisms. He discovered that fermentation, putrefaction, infection and souring are all caused by living microbes, better known mon day germs. In 1857 Pasteur published his first paper on the formation of lactic acid and its function in souring milk. With further research, he developed the technique of pasteurization which would go on to revolutionize not only the dairy industry, but food processing plants in general. In years e, most of Pasteur's efforts went towards convincing other scientists that germs do