财务审计报告.doc

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Cloisonné
By Ji Yaqin
The history of “inlaying” colorful materials onto a metal base, and securing their position with soldered wire dates back to 1800 BC, in Egypt.
During the 13th century BC in ancient Greece, powdered glass was used to fill cavities (aka “cells”) made by filigree soldered wire, then fired to produce colorful decorative objects.
Background
The art of Chinese fired-enamelware dates back as far as the Yuan Dynasty (1271 to 1368), but was popularized during the XuanDe period (1426 to 1435). The XuanDe period coincides with the reign of Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Qiyu, who was also known as the Jingtai Emperor (1449 to 1457).
This is where Cloisonné pins are derived!
Cloisonné is a famous traditional enamel ware, known as the “Blue of Jingtai”in China, with a history of over 500 years.
It was so called “blue" was the typical color used for enameling and “Jingtai” was the reign title of the 7th Ming Emperor.
History
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Enamel ware became very popular during the Emperor’s reign. There is a great variety of products, such as vase, jar, bowl, plate, box and ash-tray. 
They are brilliant in colors and splendid in design.  Cloisonné is one of the famous arts and crafts of Beijing.
Cloisonné-Making
The making of cloisonné requires rather elaborate plicated   processes; base-hammering, copper-strip inlay, soldering,  enamel-filling, enamel-firing, polishing and gilding. The products are featured by excellent quality.
The skill and workmanship have been handed down from the Ming Dynasty. Quite a number of new varieties have been created. it enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. They are mostly for export.
Procedure
1. Base-hammering
This is, in fact, the work of a coppersmith. As copper is easily hammered and stretched, it is employed to make the body of Cloisonné.
A sound judgment is required because this expertise determines the uniformity of thickness and weight. In contrast to the work of a coppersmith which is ended when