激励理论在企业管理中的应用.doc

激励理论在企业管理中的应用
The Application of Motivation Theories in Enterprise Management
申请学位: 学士学位
院系: 文经学院
专业: 工程管理
学生姓名: 王梦晓
学号: 200390509106
指导老师:李虹桥(高级工程师)
2007年5月21日
青岛
申请学士学位论文
激励理论在企业管理中的应用
申请人: 王梦晓
导师: 李虹桥
2007年5月21日
烟台大学
摘要
本论文旨在分析激励理论在企业管理中的应用,探讨如何能够有效地激励员工,论文通过理论分析、案例分析、实证分析等方法进行了探讨。
为了寻找有效的激励方法,论文首先从人的需要出发对激励的本质进行探讨,在分析了马斯洛的需要层次论、奥尔德弗的ERG理论、赫兹伯格的双因素理论之后,作者形成了自己对人的需要的理解,即人的需要分为两类:“无我”需要、“有我”需要。
“无我”需要主要是从管理者的角度分析,认为管理者只有淡化自我、多为员工考虑,才能够在成就员工中成就自我;“有我”需要又分为“本我”需要、“缺失”需要,“本我”需要是自尊和自我实现需要,激发并满足员工的“本我”需要是有效激励的本质,其前提是满足员工的“缺失”需要,即,满足员工的生存需要、情感需要和对来自他人尊重的需要。
论文通过对通用电气公司和沃尔玛公司管理方法的案例分析,得出二者在管理上的相同之处,即,重视员工、关爱员工、尊重员工;通过问卷调查的方式进行了实证分析,分析了我国企业管理中存在的问题,提出了有效激励的建议。
关键词: 激励;企业管理;人类需要
Abstract
Each and every human being possesses tremendous potentials which are unfulfilled. Whether an enterprise could motivate its employees and help employees fulfill their potentials would significantly affect its efficiency. The article focuses on the application of motivation theories in enterprise management.
The article begins with the analysis of human needs and human nature. After analyzing Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the writer develops her own understanding of human needs. Then she analyzes the reasons for essful management of General pany and Wal-Mart Stores. In the end, the writer makes empirical survey to find the existing problems in Chinese enterprise management, and provides some suggestions to motivate employees and improve enterprise efficiency.
Main opinions of this article include: (1) Human needs can be divided into two groups: self needs and non-self needs. Self needs can be further divided into two groups: being needs and deficiency needs. (2) Being needs include self-esteem and self-actualization needs. Deficiency needs include physiological needs and psychological needs. (3) Psychological needs include the need for security sense, the need for love and affection and belongingness, and the ne