无线通信 本科毕业论文中英文翻译--munications.doc

by
Joshua S. Gans, Stephen P. King and Julian Wright
1. Introduction
In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi opened the way for modern munications by transmitting the three-dot Morse code for the letter ‘S’ over a distance of three kilometers using ic waves. From this beginning, munications has developed into a key element of modern society. From satellite transmission, radio and television broadcasting to the now ubiquitous mobile telephone, munications has revolutionized the way societies function.
This chapter surveys the economics literature on munications. munications and the economic goods and services that utilise it have some special characteristics that have motivated specialised studies. First, munications relies on a scarce resource – namely, radio spectrum – the property rights for which were traditionally vested with the state. In order to foster the development of munications (including telephony and broadcasting) those assets were privatised. Second, use of spectrum for munications required the development of plementary technologies; especially those that allowed higher frequencies to be utilised more efficiently. Finally, because of its special nature, the efficient use of spectrum required the coordinated development of standards. Those standards in turn played a critical role in the diffusion of technologies that relied on spectrum use.
In large part our chapter focuses on wireless telephony rather than broadcasting and other uses of spectrum (., telemetry and biomedical services). Specifically, the economics literature on that industry has focused on factors driving the diffusion of wireless munication technologies and on the nature work pricing regulation petition in the industry. By focusing on the economic literature, this plements other surveys in this Handbook. Hausman (2002) focuses on technological and policy developments in mobile telephony rather than economic research per se. Cramton (2002) provides a survey of the theory and practice of