IF ONLY 和 WOULD THAT 后用虚拟语气.doc

If only 和 would that 后用虚拟语气
谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望, 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望,常译为“要是。。。就好了”。例如:
If only she had known where to find you.
If only I could speak several foreign languages!
Would that I were young again.
would that 实际上是I (we) would 的简化, I would 相当于I :
I would I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
We would that we had seen through him earlier.
Note: 1) O that 和 Would to God 是would that 的变体。例如:
O that money grew on the trees. 钱长在树上就好了。
Would to God she would return 。
2) O that 结构用虚拟语气可表示“惊讶,愤怒”。例如:
O that she should have failed! 她竟然会失败!
3)should 可以表示惊讶,难以相信或不应该之事。例如:
Why should he publish such a book? 他为何竟会出这种书?
Who should have broken the glass but himself? 不是他自己还有谁会把玻璃打碎呢?
Who are you that you should have despised the teacher? 你是何许人也,竟敢轻视教师?
What has captivated her mind that she should have said that?什么使她迷了心窍,竟说出那种话来?
Note : 注意“It isn’t as if + 虚拟式句子”的译法
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他才不穷呢。(他又不穷。)
Why did you invite him to the symposium? It was not as if he were an expert ? 你为什么邀请他参加研讨会?他又不是什么专家!
It isn’t as if he had claimed to be the owner of the property. In fact he admitted that the property belonged to his 。事实上,他承认那些财产属于他叔叔。
Whether it (he) be … or …结构
Whether it (he) be … or …意为“不管(不论)是。。。还是。。。”,表示