(美国文学部分课件)american naturalism讲解材料.ppt

American Naturalism
Realism and Naturalism
Placing events in the present time of the writing
Aiming at accurate reproduction of the speech , manners and landscape of its world
Exploring the psychologically valid motivation
"pessimistic materialistic determinism."
Naturalism's philosophical framework can be simply described as "pessimistic materialistic determinism."
Definition
Characters
Setting
Techniques and plots
Themes
Subject Matter
The Definition of Naturalism
The term naturalism describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings. Unlike realism, which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a philosophical position: for naturalistic writers, since human beings are, in Emile Zola's phrase, "human beasts," characters can be studied through their relationships to their surroundings.
Setting
Frequently an urban setting
Techniques and plots
Scientific accuracy
Factual detail
A somber and dark picture
Hopeless and despair tone
Themes
key themes:
survival
Violence
determinism