论分配公平与效率的关系.doc

摘要:在收入分配领域,效率与公平历来是经济学家争论的焦点,有人认为公平与效率相互矛盾,相互对立,或强调效率优先,或强调公平优先。有人则认为公平与效率在长期是一致的,作者认为这两种风格迥异的论点是由于对公平概念存在多元理解造成的。公平是指有关经济活动的制度、机会、结果和权利等方面的平等和合理。公平具有客观性、历史性和相对性三种性质。效率是指投入与产出或成本的对比关系,以一定数量的要素投入能够达到尽可能多的产出。效率与公平的关系是相互作用、相互制约的。一方面,追求效率提高要以牺牲公平为代价,保证公平必须放弃一些效率。另一方面,效率是公平的基础和物质前提。有了效率,才能增加国民收入的总量,为实现更高水平的社会公平打下坚实的物质基础,公平是效率的前提和保证。分配的公平可以提高人们生产积极性,进而提高效率,有利于社会可持续发展。建国之初,我们牺牲效率来维护较低水平的公平,造成普遍贫穷。改革开放以来,通过改革计划经济体制,引入市场经济体制,提高了效率,发展了生产力。但是,却提高了基尼系数,扩大了收入分配的差距。所以,我们应当从“效率优先,兼顾公平”转为“兼顾公平和效率”,将二者等同起来。我国是社会主义国家,社会主义本身就是经济效率和社会公平统一的社会。两级分化并不是社会主义的特征。贫富分化的拉大导致社会不稳定,教育失衡以及国内需求不足,面对如此严重的情况,我们应当坚持“效率与公平”原则,加强对对非法收入的打击力度,打破垄断,建立和完善社会保障体系,才能实现社会主义和谐社会。
abstract:in the field of e distribution, the relation between fairness and efficiency has been a focus by the economists for a long time. it is taken that fairness and efficiency is contradicted and opponent by each other, while someone then thought fairness and efficiency is uniform in long-term. the author argues that it is the manifold understanding of fairness and efficiency which causes such a contradiction. fairness is referring to equality and fitness of system, chance and result and so on. fairness poses three different properties, objectivity and historicity. efficiency is referring to the correlation between input and output. you should acquire as much as possible if you plunge into certain factor. the relation between efficiency and fairness is interactive and contradictive. on the one hand, we have to sacrifice fairness to increase efficiency, and we have to drop some efficiency to pursue fairness. on the other hand, efficiency is the foundation and material premise of fairness. social equity can’t raise a higher lever without improving efficiency. fairness is the premise and guarantee of efficiency. distributional equity could raise the man’s production enthusiasm, in turn raise efficiency. at the beginning of prc’s foundation, we sacrifice efficiency to maintain inferiority level of justice, what gives birth to mass pover