我国矿山生态环境现状及治理措施.doc


我国矿山生态环境现状及治理措施#
杨金燕1,杨锴1,田丽燕1,黄仁豪2*
(1. 四川大学建筑与环境学院环境科学与工程系,成都 610065;
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2. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland)
摘要:矿产资源是我国社会及经济发展的重要支柱,但同时也带来了侵占耕地、生态破坏、
环境污染、地质灾害等严重问题。本文对我国矿山生态建设现状及矿产资源开发利用引发的
环境问题进行了概述,分析了造成矿山环境破坏的原因,及生态修复的主要措施,并指出未
来需要解决的问题及发展趋势。
关键词:环境;矿山;修复措施
中图分类号:
Environmental Impacts of Mining Activities in China and
the Corresponding Management and Remediation Strategies:
an Overview
YANG Jinyan1, YANG Kai1, TIAN Liyan1, HUANG Jenhow2
(1. College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, ChengDu 610065;
2. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland)
Abstract: Mineral resource is one of the most important bases to support the Chinese social and
economic progress. On the other hand, mining activities has resulted in a serious impact on the
surrounding environment, such as the decrease of cultivated areas, destruction of ecosystems,
environmental pollution and geological disasters. The current status of ecosystem reconstruction
in mining areas and environmental problems caused by mining activities were reviewed in this
article. Furthermore, the causes of destruction and the main measures of restoration of mining
environments were discussed. Finally, the problems needed to be solved in the future and their
potential solutions were outlined.
Keywords: Evironment and ecosystem; mining; management and remediation
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1 我国矿山的生态建设现状
近十年来,我国矿山开发发展迅猛,矿业在国民经济中的地位、作用直线上升,生产的
多种金属成品量不少品种跃居或稳居世界前茅。作为国民经济的基础产业—矿山开采业的经
济贡献令人注目[1]。然而,矿产资源开采是迄今最大规模改变地球表面景观和破坏地表生态
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系统的有组织的人类活动。我国现有国营矿山企业 8 000 多个,个体矿山企业达到 23 万多
个[2]。如此大规模的矿山开采对我国土地和环境的破坏是惊人的,使原本已稀缺的土地资源
呈加速减少的趋势。
目前我国有 20 万个以上的小型矿山,遍布全国,尤其是经济欠发达地区和边远地区。
这类小型采矿作坊一般工艺落后,安全无保障,资源浪费严重。当前,我国对这类小型矿山
的管理基本是处于失控状态。小型矿山破坏土地的现象十分严重,生态恢复率几乎为零。如
果数量众多的小型矿山得不到有效的管理,那么,我国矿区废弃地的生态恢复率在总