【5A版】大学英语新编语言学教程Chapter-4-Syntax.ppt

【5A版】大学英语新编语言学教程Chapter-4-Syntax.pptChapter4Syntax(FromWordtoText)?Theuseoflanguage,likegames,,,wordgroupsandphrases,uratrandom,,,或者句子结构中各要素间的相互关系。,,verb,subject,predicate,nounphrase,verbphrase,,例如名词、动词、主语、谓语、名词短语、动词短语等。Morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofthesegeneralunits:更具体一些,范畴指的是这些一般性单位的甄别性特点:Thecategoriesofthenoun,includenumber,gender,caseandcountability;名词的范畴包括数、性、格和可数性;Thecategoriesoftheverb,forexample,person,tense,aspect,mood,voice,、时、体、式、态等。GrammaticalCategoriesTheterm“grammaticalcategory”“categorysymbols”suchasS,NP,VP,Det,A,“语法范畴”这个术语来表示词类。在转换生成语法中,语法范畴是用S,NP,VP,Det,A等“范畴符号”表示的句法单位。数(Number)Numberisagrammaticalcategorywithaclearsemanticbasisprimarilyfornounswithtwoforms:singular/plural(boy/boys).NotalltheEnglishnounshaveasingular-“countnouns”.(asinI/we)andverbssinceinEnglishthereisconcord(agreement)ofnumberbetweennounsandverbs(Theboyruns/Theboysrun).NumberNounPronounVerb(agreement)singularmanHeworkspluralmenTheywork数(Number)性(Gender)Manyinflectionallanguageshavethreemeaning-relatedgenderdistinction:masculine,:阳性、阴性、中性。(Case)ManyEnglishpronounshavedifferentformscorrespondingtothedistinctionofsubjective(nominative),objective(accusativeanddative)andgenitivecases,asinI,me,my;we,us,our;h