heldbacklargelybyskepticismabout指示词 advertisers'claimsthatheatpumps canprovideasmanyastwounitsof(5)thermalenergyforeachunitofelec- tricalenergyused,thusapparently contradictingtheprincipleofenergy指示词 conservation. HeatpumpscirculateafluidSE(10)refrigerantthatcyclesalternatively fromitsliquidphasetoitsvapor , startingasalow-temperature,low- pressurevapor,pressor(15) pressor asahot,densevaporandflows throughaheatexchangercalledthe condenser,whichtransfersheatfrom(20) therefrigerant,asahigh-pressure, cooledliquid,confrontsaflowrestriction thepressurefalls,therefrigerant(25)expandsandpartiallyvaporizes, throughasecondheatexchanger,the evaporator,whichtransfersheatfrom theairtotherefrigerant,reducing(30)thetemperatureofthissecondbodyof ,oneis指示词 locatedinside,andtheotherone outsidethehouse,soeachisincontact withadifferentbodyofair:roomair≠(35)andoutsideair, throughaheatpumpiscontrolledby reversed,theheatexchangersswitch(40)-reversalcapability allowsheatpumpseithertoheator coolroomair. Now,ifundercertainconditionsa heatpumpputsoutmorethermalenergy>(45)thanitconsumesinelectricalenergy, hasthelawofenergyconservationbeen challenged?No,notevenremotely:theTS additionalinputofthermalenergyinto thecirculatingrefrigerantviathe(50)ountsforthedifference特殊短语、≠ intheenergyequation. Unfortunately,thereisonereal∨、SE、— heatpumpdecreasesastheoutdoor(55) iscausedbythelesseningamountof capacityisproportionaltothismass关系(60)flowrate:thelessthemassof关系 pressed,theless thethermalloaditcantransferthrough theheat- rateofrefrigerantvaporthroughthe(65)single-pressorusedin heatpumpsisapproximatelyconstant. pressorisatlowerpressurethan< war
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