英语人教版九年级全册词形转换.ppt

中考专题复****词形变换构词法:一、合成法二、派生法三、转化法合成法是指将两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成新词的方法。合成法1、“名词+名词”或“形容词+名词”可以合成名词。+booktextbooksuper+marketsupermarket2、“名词+形容词”或“形容词+动词-ing形式”可以合成形容词。+famousworld-famousgood+lookinggood-looking3、“副词+名词”可以合成副词。+stairsupstairsdown+stairsdownstairs4、“副词+动词”可以合成动词。+e合成法派生法派生法也叫前缀、后缀构词法。即在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词。1、加在单词前面的叫前缀,它多数情况下不改变原词的词性。(1)表示否定的-un,non-,dis-,im-,ir-,in-等。(2)表示错误的mis-eg:understandmisunderstand(3)表示相互、交互、在一起的inter-nationalinternational(4)表示又、再、重复的re-eg:writerewritetellretell派生法2、加在名词后面的叫后缀,它多数情况下改变原词的词性。派生法(1)名词后缀:-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-tion,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,-ing等。eg:singsingeractactormusicmusiciansciencescientistpollutepollutiondevelopdevelopmenthappyhappinessrelationrelationshiptruetruthsafesafetyshopshopping派生法(2)形容词后缀:-ful,-less,-able,-al,-y,-ed,-en,-ern,-ing等。eg:essfulhopehopefulenjoyenjoyablenaturenaturalrainrainyrelaxrelaxingwoodwoodensouthsoutherninterestinteresting派生法(3)副词后缀:-ly等。Eg:mainmainlyquickquickly形容词转换副词的规则:构成例词与形容词同形low,fast,late,early,much,deep,little,hard,only,back,just,well,enough,long,high形容词后直接加-lycarefulcarefullyclearclearly辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加lyhappyhappilyangryangrily辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加ysimplesimplyterribleterribly少数以e结尾的形容词,去掉e再加lytruetruly注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:lovely,lively,friendly,。转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。1、动词名词eg:brushv.(用刷子)、名词动词eg:、、、形容词动词eg:、形容词动词eg: