(词汇学)Word Formation.ppt

(词汇学)Word_FormationⅠ.WordFormationTherearethreemajorprocessesofwordformation:poundingandconversion.(Ⅰ).Derivation:(派生)Derivationoraffixationisgenerallydefinedasaword-formationprocessbywhichnewwordsarecreatedbyaddingaprefix,orsuffix,orboth,:.“negative”prefixes(un-,non-,in-,dis-,a-,)eg:unkind(adj),untie(v),non-person(n),non-restrictive(adj),inability(n),plete(adj),impossible(adj),disadvantage(n),dislike(v),asexual(adj),abnormal(adj),abuse(v)2.“reversative”prefixes(un-,de-,dis-,)eg:uncover(v),unearth(v),fortable(adj),unlike(prep),deform(v),degrade(v),discover(v),discourage(v),dislike(v),3.“pejorative”prefixes(mis-,mal-,pseudo-,)eg:mistake(v),misunderstand(v),misfortune(n),maladjustment(n),malformation(n),maladminister(v),pseudo-science(n),pseudoclassic(a),4.“degreeorsize”prefixes(arch-,super-,out-,sub-,over-,under-,hyper-,ultra-,mini-,)eg:archbishop(n),arch-criminal(n),archenemy(n),supermarket(n),superpower(n),superfine(adj)outdo(v),outlive(v),outgo(v),subeditor(n),subdivide(v),subtitle(n),overdo(v),overbuy(v),overestimate(v),hypersonic(a),hypersensitive(a),hypertension(n),ultra-democracy(n),ultrarapid(a),ultrared(a),minibus(n),miniskirt(n),minigun(n),5.“attitude”prefixes(co-,counter-,anti-,pro-,)eg:cooperate(v)合作,coheir(n)共同继承人,coexist(v)共存,counterattack(n,v)反击,counter-revolutionary(adj)***的,anti-Japanese(adj)抗日的,antiwar(adj)反战的,anticolonial(adj)反殖民地的anti-drinking(adj)反对酗酒的pro-American(adj)亲美的,pro-Japanese(adj)亲日的,6.“locative”prefixes(sub-,inter-,trans-,)eg:subway(n)地铁,subtitle(n)副标题,subsurface(adj)表面下的international(adj),intercity(adj)市间的,interact(v)相互作用,相互影响transport(v)运输,transfer(v)转移,调动transmit(v)转播trans-Atlantic(adj)穿越大西洋的,7.“timeandorder”prefixes(fore-,pre-,post-,ex-,)eg:forecast(v,n)预报,foresee(v)预见,forehead(n)前额preview(v)预****pre-read(v)预先阅读,prepay(v)预付,postwar(adj)战后的,postgraduate(n)研究生,postscript(n)附言,ex-president(n)前任总统,ex-monitor(n)前任班长,ex-wife(n)前妻,