Background Work on Creativity.ppt

Background Work on Creativity
鄭晉昌
中央大學人力資源管理研究所教授
Creativity as a Neglected Research Topic
J. P. Guilford (1950) in his APA presidential address, challenged psychologists to address what he found to be neglected but extremely important attribute: Creativity. He reported less than two-tenths of one percent of the entries in Psychological Abstracts up to 1950 focused on creativity.
R. J. Sternberg & T. Lubart (1996) analyzed the no. of creativity references in Psychological Abstracts from 1975 to 1994 and found that only one-half of one percent of the articles concerned creativity.
Mystical Approaches
The creative person was seen as an empty vessel that a divine being filled with inspiration
Creativity is something that just doesn’t lend itself to scientific study, because it si a more spiritual process.
Pragmatic Approaches
This approach concerned primarily with developing creativity, secondarily with understanding it, but almost not at all with testing the validity of their ideas about it.
De Bono’s lateral thinking skills
Osborn’s synectics
Adams & Von Oech’s role play approaches as explorer, artist, judge and warrior to construct a series of false beliefs that interfere with or challenge creativity functioning in order to foster creativity productivity.
Psychodynamic Approach (1)
Psychodynamic approach can be considered the first of the major twentieth-century theoretical approaches to the study of creativity. These approaches relied on case studies of eminent creators.
These approaches has been criticized historically because of the difficulty of measuring proposed theoretical constructs.
Representative figures: Freud, pensation process: Creative work as a way to express their unconscious wishes in a publicly acceptable fashion. These unconscious wishes may concern power, riches, fame, honor, or love.
Psychodynamic Approach (2)
Adaptive regression & elaboration process: Adaptive regression is the primary process indicating intrusion of unmodulated thou