西班牙语动词变位简表（英文）.pdf

Spanish VerbsandEssential GrammarReviewPrepared by: Professor Carmen L. Torres-RoblesDepartment of Foreign Languages & LiteraturesPurdue University CalumetRevised: 1 /2003Layout by: Nancy J. Tilka2CONTENTSSpanish VerbsIntroduction 4Indicative Mood 5?simple & compound tenses: present, past, future, conditionalSubjunctive Mood 12?simple & compound tenses: present, pastSer / Estar 16Essential GrammarPronouns20Possesive Adjectives and Pronouns23Prepositional Pronouns25Por versus parisons / Superlatives31Preterite / Imperfect34Subjunctive mands42Passive Voice463Spanish Verbs4INTRODUCTIONVERBS (VERBOS)MOODS (MODOS)There are three moods or ways to express verbs (actions) in Mood (objective) Mood (subjective) Mood (commands)INFINITIVES (INFINITIVOS)A verb in the purest form (without a noun or subject pronoun to perform the action) is called aninfinitive. The infinitives in English are characterized by the prefix “to” + “verb form”, the Spanishinfinitives are identified by the “r” , comer, dormirto study, to eat, to sleepCONJUGATIONS (CONJUGACIONES)Spanish verbs are grouped in three categories or ending in–arbelong to the first conjugation.(estudiar) ending in –er belong to the second conjugation.(comer) ending in –ir belong to the third conjugation.(dormir)VERB STRUCTURE (ESTRUCTURA VERBAL)Spanish verbs are divided into three parts. (infinitive: estudiar) or Root(estudi-) Vowel(-a-)3."R" Ending(-r)CONJUGATED VERBS (VERBOS CONJUGADOS)To conjugate a verb, a verb must have an explicit subject noun (ex: María), a subject pronoun (yo, tú,usted, él,ella, nosotros(as), vosotros(as), ustedes, ellos, ellas), or an implicit subject, to indicate theperformer of the action.*ATTENTION*Subject pronouns are not used as frequently in Spanish as in English. They are used mainly foremphasis or clarification in Spanish since the ending of the conjugated v