纳米材料性能及应用.ppt

、?•Whatdoes“nanotechnology”mean?•Whathasnanotechnologydone?•Whatcanweexpectittodo?•Isitanevolutionorarevolution?•Howwillitchangeindustries?•Howwillitchangeourlives??Biggerthanatoms,~100nanometers(3-4atomssidebyside=1nm)“纳米是什么?”纳米其实是一种长度单位,1纳米是1米的十亿分之一,相当于十个氢原子一个挨一个排起来的长度。20纳米相当于1根头发丝的三千分之一。WhatisNanotechnology?Nanotechnologyisabout:•Makingsmallobjects•Manipulatingsmallobjects•Creatingnewmaterialsbyvaryingthesizeoftheobjects••MiniaturizationisofinterestLessspace,faster,lessmaterials,lessenergy•Moreimportant:Novelproperties/phenomena/process-Newstructureandfunctions;EngineeringbeyondnatureUnityandgenerality-Atthebuildingblocksofallnatural/artificialthings,systemsMostefficientlengthscaleformanufacturing-LessenergythanforsubatomicormacroscopicTranscendenteffects:attheconfluenceofsteams-Living/non-living;interdisciplinary;(exampleofsocietalimplications)Knowledgebase:prehensionofnature,life􀀄Anewworldofproducts:-$1trillion/yin10-15years-Materialsbeyondwhatchemistrycando:$340B/yin10yearsformaterialsandprocessing,(estimationbyindustrygroup)-Electronnicsin10-15years:$300B/Yforsemiconductorindustry,lobalintegratedcircuts(estimationbySIA)-Pharmaceuticsin10-15yearsabouthalfofproductionwilldependonnanotechnology,affectingabout$180B/Y–Chemicalplantsin10-15years:nanostructuredcatalystsinpetroleumandchemicalprocessingabout$100B/Y–Aerospace:about$70B/Yin10years–Tools(measurement,simulation)--$22B/Yin10y􀀄Improvedhealthcare:extendlife-span,Itsquality,humanphysicalcapabilities(-$31Bintoolsforhealthcarein10years)􀀄Sustainability:agriculture,water,energy(-45B/yin10years)materials,environment,exitinglightingenergyreduction–10%or$100B/YPowerf