第二章 词性及其在句中的成分.doc

第二章词类及其在句中的成分一、词性英语词汇按其功能通常分为十大类。而根据其句法功能和形式特征,这十类词又可以分为实词(notionalword)和虚词(formword)。名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词都具有实际意义,可以在句子中独立担当成分,所以叫实词;冠词、介词、连词、感叹词都没有具体意义,不能在句子中担当成分,所以叫虚词。词类表:,…,unless和;,well噢;哦二、:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、同位语等。①Themanboughtacaryesterday.(man和car分别充当主语和宾语)②Shewasmademonitor.(monitor充当补语)③TheboystudentisfromCanada.(boy作定语修饰主语student;Canada作介词from的宾语)④Lily,ateacher,isinteresting.(Lily作主语;teacher是Lily的同位语)温馨提示名词有时候还可以作状语或独立成分。Waitaminute!(作状语,修饰的词wait)Kendy,couldyoupleaseclosethewindow?(作独立成分)试一试用下划线标出句中的名词①DavidwantstolearnEnglishwell.②Timisconsideredagoodstudent.③Theairconditionerworkswell.④Flu,acommondisease,:人称代词personalpronoun主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词possessivepronoun形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词reflexivepronounmyself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself指示代词demonstrativepronounthis,that,these,those,it,such,same疑问代词interrogativepronounwho,whom,whose,which,what关系代词relativepronounwho,whom,whose,which,that,as不定代词indefinitepronounsome,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,n