工业工程专业英语.ppt

Unit6NextGenerationFactoryLayoutsBy谢文东、胡恒、陈小松、郑倩、凌丽Thereisanemergingconsensusthatexistinglayoutconfigurationsdonotmeettheneedsofmultiproductenterprisesandthereisaneedforanewgenerationoffactorylayoutsthataremoreflexible,modular,,那就是现有的工厂布局构造并不能满足多产品企业的需求而且更灵活、更模块化的和较容易重构的新一代工厂布局是急需的。Withincreasedflexibility,modularity,andreconfigurability,,、模块化和可重构性,工厂每次在他们的产品要求改变的时候就避免了重新设计布局。特别当工厂必须关闭的时候,构造新的布局是昂贵的并对原有布局是具有破坏性的。Becausefactoriesthatoperateinvolatileenvironmentsorintroducenewproductsregularlycannotaffordfrequentdisruptions,plantmanagersoftenprefertolivewiththeinefficienciesofexistinglayoutsratherthansufferthroughcostlyredesigns,,工厂管理者一般宁愿忍受现有布局的低效也不会去花重金重新设计那些很快就会过时的布局。Conventionallayouts,suchasproduct,process,andcellularlayouts,(usually,threetofiveyears).常规布局,比如产品、过程和一些由许多小单元组成的布局,不能满足这些需求。它们通常是为某一特定的产品结构和预计能持续足够长时间(通常为3到5年)的批量生产设计的。Theevaluationcriterionusedinmostlayoutdesignprocedures—long-termmaterial-handlingefficiency——failstocapturetheprioritiesoftheflexiblefactory(forexample,scopeismoreimportantthanscale,responsivenessismoreimportantthancost,andreconfigurabilityismoreimportantthanefficiency).长期的物料装卸效率,一个曾经在绝大多数布局设计程序里使用的评价标准,没能占据灵活工厂的优先权(例如,机会比规模更重要,响应性比成本更重要,可重构性比效率更重要)。Consequently,layoutperformancedeterioratesasproductvolumes,mix,-handlingefficiencyalsofailstocapturetheimpactoflayoutconfigurationonaspectsofoperationalperformance,suchaswork-in-umulation,queuetimesatprocessingdepartments,,工厂布局将随着产品体积、结构或者线路的波动而恶化。而且物料装卸效率的静态测量也没能在在制品的累积、处理部门的排队时间和生产率等使用性能方面影响工厂布局的重构。Consequently,layoutsthatimprovematerialhandlingoftencau